Therefore, one can think of the p-value as a more user-friendly expression of how many standard deviations away from the normal a given observation is. a Z-score of 1.65 denotes that the result is 1.65 standard deviations away from the arithmetic mean under the null hypothesis. The p-value can be thought of as a percentile expression of a standard deviation measure, which the Z-score is, e.g.

The p-value is a worst-case bound on that probability. In terms of possible inferential errors, the p-value expresses the probability of committing a type I error: rejecting the null hypothesis if it is in fact true. calculating a Chi-Square score), X is a random sample (X 1,X 2.X n) from the sampling distribution of the null hypothesis. Where x 0 is the observed data (x 1,x 2.x n), d is a special function (statistic, e.g. The p-value is used in the context of a Null-Hypothesis statistical test (NHST) and it is the probability of observing the result which was observed, or a more extreme one, assuming the null hypothesis is true 1. Simply enter the Chi-Square statistic you obtained and the degrees of freedom: N-1 for one-dimensional calculations, (Ncols - 1) * (Nrows - 1) for multiple columns/groups, then choose the type of significance test to calculate the corresponding p-value using the Χ 2 CPDF (cumulative probability density function of the chi-square distribution). This Chi Square to P-value calculator is easy to use and requires minimum input to get the job done. Having obtained a Χ 2 statistic from a given set of data you would often want to convert it to its corresponding p-value. Using the Chi Square to p-value calculator How to interpret a low p-value from a Chi Square test.Using the Chi Square to p-value calculator.

P value for hypothesis test calculator